1) Kelly trained, ran, and finished the race alone

"Kelly" is the subject, "trained, ran, and finished" are all verbs
"the race" is the direct object of the verbs
"alone" is an adverb because it describes how she finished, trained and ran

2) The meeting began with the coach’s lengthy speech and ended with a discusion

"meeting" is the subject (noun)
"began" is the verb
"with the coach’s lengthy speech" is a prepositional phrase
"with" is the preposition, "speech" is the object of the preposition (noun) "lengthy" would be an adjective describing "speech" and i’m pretty sure "coach’s" would be an adjective (check on that one)
"and" is a conjunction
"ended" is another verb
"with a discussion" is another prepositional phrase
"with" is the preposition, "discussion" is the object of the preposition (noun)
"the" and "a" are article adjectives. "an" is also an article.

3) Band music and floats are often the main features of a parade

"band music" "floats" are the subjects (nouns) <–it could also be said that "music" and "floats" are the subjects and "band" is an adjective describing "music"
"are" is the verb
"often" i think it is an adverb because it tells to what extent or how often
"the main features" is a predicate nominative (that means a noun that is described by a linking verb)
"of a parade" is a prepositional phrase
"of" is the preposition, "parade" is the object of the preposition and a noun

4) Ernie often carefully draws and then paints outdoor scenes and graphic patterns

"Ernie" is the subject/noun
"often" is i think an adverb because it tells how often
"carefully" is another adverb
"draws" is a verb
"then" might be an adverb because it tells when he does it, but i’m not sure about this one
"paints" is a verb
"scenes" and "patterns" are both direct objects. "outdoor" and "graphic" are adjectives. "and" is a conjunction
References :

1) Kelly trained, ran, and finished the race alone

"Kelly" is the subject, "trained, ran, and finished" are all verbs
"the race" is the direct object of the verbs
"alone" is an adverb because it describes how she finished, trained and ran

2) The meeting began with the coach’s lengthly speech and ended with a discusion

"the meeting" is the subject (noun)
"began" is the verb
"with the coach’s lengthy speech" is a prepositional phrase
"with" is the preposition, "the coach’s lengthy speech" is the object of the preposition (noun)
"the" is an article
"ended" is another verb
"with a discussion" is another prepositional phrase
"with" is the preposition, " a discussion" is the object of the preposition (noun)

3) Band music and floats are often the main features of a parade

"band music" "floats" are the subjects (nouns)
"are" is the verb
"often" i think it is an adverb because it tells to what extent or how often
"the main features" is a predicate nominative (that means a noun that is described by a linking verb)
"of a parade" is a prepositional phrase
"of" is the preposition, "a parade" is the object of the preposition and a noun

4) Ernie often carefully draws and then paints outdoor sceans and graphic patters

"Ernie" is the subject/noun
"often" is i think an adverb because it tells how often
"carefully" is another adverb
"draws" is a verb
"then" might be an adverb because it tells when he does it, but i’m not sure about this one
"paints" is a verb
"outdoor scenes and graphic patterns" are both direct objects

i hope that this helps, i am pretty sure about all of them!
References :